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For a set of n points in the plane in general position, draw a straight segment between every pair of points. What is the minimum number of colors that suffice to color the edges such that no two edges that cross have the same color? (With the general position assumption, all crossings are proper crossings.)
Ferran Hurtado: [AGH+05].
Open.
Each color class determines a plane subgraph of the complete graph. Because one can arrange for n/2 pairwise crossing edges, n/2 is a lower bound. The best upper bound is in [BHRCW06]: n - \sqrt{n/12}. It has been conjectured that (1-\epsilon) n is an upper bound for some \epsilon > 0.
This description relies on that in the Open Problem Garden, written by David Wood. His posting lists several related variants.
geometric graphs
J. O’Rourke, 1 Apr. 2010.
G. Araujo, Adrian Gumitrescu, Ferran Hurtado, M. Noy, and J. Urrutia. On the chromatic number of some geometric type Kneser graphs. Comput. Geom. Theory Appl., 32(1):59–69, 2005.
Prosenjit Bose, Ferran Hurtado, Eduardo Rivera-Campo, and David R. Wood. Partitions of complete geometric graphs into plane trees. Comput. Geom. Theory Appl., 34(2):116–125, 2006.